Metformin: An AMPK-dependent antidiabetic drug with novel medical applications
Maysa
Mobasher
1-Department of Pathology, Biochemistry Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
2-Department of Clinical Pathology, El Ahrar Educational Hospital, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Egypt.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Metformin (MET) is a well-known antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. The therapeutic effects of MET come from its ability to decrease both the production of hepatic glucose and its absorption via the intestine and improve insulin hormone sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the new medical applications of this old antidiabetic drug. Nowadays, MET is used in pre-clinical trials to treat cancer and slow the proliferation rate, emerging from its hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant activity. MET enhanced the functions of immune T-cells and reduced the proinflammatory mediators in macrophages. Moreover, based on the pre-clinical studies, its effect on the reproductive system is confirmed as MET showed an excellent candidate for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment and improved ovarian cyclicity, and reduces gestational diabetes risks in female; however, the effect on sperm number and motility is still in debate. Treatment with MET also showed some beneficial effects on bone health, and its administration led to a deficiency in vitamin B12. Furthermore, MET enhances anaerobic pathways and increases lactic acid levels. This review demonstrated the novel uses of MET in different clinical settings with explained mechanisms of action.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
1
12
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_164790_69d7931c1b0a0e40d30aa357b3ea625e.pdf
Comparing productivity and tolerance of melanin-producing Streptomyces longisporoflavus and Aspergillus niger under biosorption capacity
Eman
Abd El-Zaher
Microbiology Unit Division, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
author
Nanis
Allam
Microbiology Unit Division, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
author
Asmaa
Allam
Microbiology Unit Division, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Melanin (Mel) is a naturally occurring pigment made by some microorganisms. Streptomyces sp and Aspergillus niger are capable of producing a high quantity of brown (Mel1) - black (Mel2) intercellular Mel pigments. Aim: To compare between melanin-producing Streptomyces sp and Aspergillus niger productive efficiency and tolerance against lead and cadmium ions stress was investigated. Materials and Methods: The tested strains were identified by molecular characterizations (16S rRNA & 18S rRNA) gene sequence, Mel1 of S. longisporoflavus NR043926 and Mel2 of A. niger MT355517 were extracted and purified from the dried microbial biomass. Physicochemical characterizations of extracted Mel pigments were compared with standard melanin based on infrared (IR) analysis. The productive efficiency and tolerance under absorption capacity of the selected strains against lead and cadmium ions were identified as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of each metal ions. Results: The production of Mel pigments and growth of two selected strains were decreased gradually by increasing the concentration of cadmium or lead from (10-750 ppm). Transmission electron microscopic examination showed heavy metals binding occurred on the surface of the microorganism cells, uptake or precipitation inside the melanized inner cell wall, finally vacuoles and microbial cells damage. Conclusion: A. niger can resist cadmium and lead ions more than S. longisporoflavus, Mel2 had a high protective function toward the stress of the heavy metal in comparison to Mel1.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
13
27
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114118_27b6aab6a8d58a2552529e452c549887.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.36127.1056
Comparative study of BAP1 and CD147 expression in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma
Nehal
Heabah
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Asmaa
Eid
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a lethal tumor of serosal surfaces. Its differentiation from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia is mandatory, and may be problematic in many situations. Thus, the application of a targeted panel of specific markers permits proper diagnosis in the majority of cases. Aim: This study aimed to determine the potential use of BRCA associated protein-1 (BAP1) and CD147 antibodies to differentiate between MM and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: The current work was carried out on 120 cases (56 reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and 64 malignant mesothelioma cases), retrieved as 70 cell blocks and 50 tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining, using calretinin (to confirm the mesothelial lineage), BAP1, and CD147 antibodies, was performed for each case. Results: Lost nuclear BAP1 expression was detected in 45.3% of the mesotheliomas versus 19.6% of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia cases. Positive membranous CD147 expression was found in 84.4% of mesothelioma cases versus 8.9% of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia cases. BAP1 showed 44.6% sensitivity and 80% specificity, while CD147 showed 84.3% sensitivity and 91% specificity in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Conclusions: The loss of BAP1 expression and positive CD147 expression could be of diagnostic value for malignant mesothelioma and can exclude the diagnosis of reactive mesothelial proliferations in both biopsy and cytology specimens. CD147 exhibits higher sensitivity and specificity than BAP1.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
29
37
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_117460_505fe6a5227bde184762daa4cb9d01cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.36829.1059
Inflammatory mediator modulation by Short- and Long-Acting β2 Agonists in Induced Bronchial Asthma in Rats
Nageh
EL-Mahdy
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Shady
Allam
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
author
Sara
El Sayaad
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by hyper-responsiveness and bronchoconstriction. Beta2 agonists are bronchodilator drugs that possess anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of short-acting (salbutamol) and long-acting(bambuterol) as beta 2 agonists combination. Also, the effect of these drugs, singly and in combination with prednisolone was measured in asthma-induced rats in both lung tissue and broncho-alveolar lavage. Materials and Methods:Wistar rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal (I.P) administration of ovalbumin/Al(OH)3, twenty days later, animals were treated orally with salbutamol 2mg/kg or bambuterol 10 mg/kg or prednisolone 3mg/kg or a combination. Results: Ovalbumin/Al(OH)3-sensitized rats showed a significant elevation in inflammatory mediators (IL-4, MIP1α, PGE2, TNFα) and other oxidative parameters such as MDA, NO in both lung tissue and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL). Moreover, salbutamol and bambuterol decreased inflammatory mediators and alleviated oxidative stress. These inhibitory effects were greatest when both short and long-acting β2 agonists were used in combination. Also, co-administration of β2 agonists with prednisolone revealed pronounced decreases in all parameters compared to β2 agonists alone. Conclusion: The combined therapy of salbutamol and bambuterol has an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect on the experimentally induced asthma in both BAL fluids and lung tissues. Also, these drugs in combination with prednisolone possess greater inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
39
48
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114304_4df8b4f15333e1c534cfb82b8120babd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.39759.1063
Assessment of the clinical value of red cell distribution width in patients with de novo hepatocellular carcinoma following HCV clearance with the direct-acting antiviral agents
Haidi
Ramadan
Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
author
Eman
Nagiub
Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
author
Hanan
Eltyb
Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
author
Mahmoud
Mohammed
Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: The Red cell distribution width (RDW) shows a significant increase both in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment of HCV has changed following the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with a higher sustained virological response rate (SVR). However, HCC is still developed after DAAs therapy. Aim: The study aimed to assess the changes of RDW in HCC patients with HCV viremia and after SVR12 to DAAs. Methods: This work is based on a retrospective cohort study including 120 patients allocated into 3 groups, 40 / each. Group 1: patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis without HCC and not treated with DAAs, group 2: patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC without DAAs and group 3: patients with liver cirrhosis and developed HCC following SVR12 to DAAs. Liver profile, International Normalized Ratio (INR) and creatinine indices were measured with an assessment of Child class CBC for measurement of RDW and RDW/Platelet ratio (RPR) were done. Results: The red distribution width (RDW) was mildly elevated in group 3 compared to group 2. The ratio of RDW/Platelet was almost similar in group 2 and group 3. RDW increased in group 3 relative to group 2 in all Child classes with a significantly higher level in Child A and B. Conclusion: Clearance of HCV following DAAs did not have a major impact on RDW in HCC patients after DAAs therapy which is not different from viremic patients with HCC.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
49
55
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163847_d1956a93ab6e70ad600e768e6bae9f6f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.44109.1072
Expression of Adenosine Receptors in Young Patients with Breast Cancer and its Association with High Proliferative Index
Maha
Guimei
Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Eladl
Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, PO BOX 27272, United Arab Emirates.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Adenosine is produced in the hypoxic tumor milieu. By stimulating its receptors, it plays an important role not only in evading the body’s immune mechanisms but also in enhancing tumor vasculature and contributing to tumor aggressiveness. Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of Adenosine receptors (A2A) in breast cancer tissue and its association with different clinico-pathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer specimens were immunohistochemically stained using A2AR antibodies. All clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the patients’ records. Results: Cytoplasmic expression of A2ARs was noted not only on the tumor immune cells but also on the tumor cells themselves. They were strongly expressed on the tumor cells in 73.3% (n=22) of tumors. Expression was significantly higher in younger aged patients (< 50 years old) compared to older ones [p=0.044]. A2AR expression was also significantly higher in Luminal B and triple negative compared to Luminal A tumors [p=0.028]. The majority of A2AR expressing tumors had a mitotic index score of 2 [p=0.013] as well as a significantly higher proliferative index (ki-67 >20%) [p=0.018]. No association was observed between A2AR expression and tumor size, type, grade, Lymph node status, percentage of TILs or patient survival after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible role for Adenosine in imparting a more aggressive phenotype in breast cancer and that targeting these receptors using Adenosine receptor antagonists could have a potential role in improving the outcome of these patients.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
57
66
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163634_fc837d5a71dd64e4ae8ce9ae2bdea45c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.44152.1073
Management of locally advanced periampullary tumor: Multicenter study
Essam
Elshikh
Surgical Oncology Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Taha
Yassein
Surgery Department, NLI, Menufia university, Menufia, Egypt
author
Eslam
Ayoub
Surgery Department, NLI, Menufia University, Menufia, Egypt
author
Ahmed
Ebeed
Radiodiagnosis Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Hossam Elashtokhy
Hossam Elashtokhy
Medical Oncology Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Walla
Abdelgawad
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
author
Mohamed
Elsabrout
Surgical Oncology Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Mosad
El-lity
Pathology Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Tarek
Youssef
Surgical Oncology Department, Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Ibrahim
General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Pancreas may develop either benign or malignant tumors. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors which ranking as the fourth cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Aim: To analyze the results of treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer to come up with management strategy. Patients and Methods: Patients (n=136) were retrospectively evaluated with periampullary carcinoma where 40 patients were diagnosed as locally advanced periampullary carcinoma, from January 2010 to January 2018 in multicenter. Results: Patients diagnosed as pancreatic head carcinoma in 20/40 and periampullary carcinoma in 20/40 of patients, all patients were diagnosed as locally advanced pancreatic cancer by radiological imaging, where 28/40 (70%) was males and 12/40 (30%) were females with male:female ratio of 2.3:1. The age of patients at diagnosis was 39-62 years with a median age of 51 years. All patientswere = evaluated and followed up for 24 months with Multislice CT, PET-CT and tumor markers. Some patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment for down staging and were then surgery was done for 25/40 cases. Whipple’s operation without VR in 17/25 and VR done in 8/25 cases, where 6/40 cases died during chemotherapy and 9/40 unfit for surgery due to disseminated disease and complications of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed as locally advanced or metastatic tumor need MDT to decide different modes of treatment in order to obtain better results
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
67
79
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_164692_6b34c194541c47e120f601c9d62e0793.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.45222.1075
Evaluation of the anticancer effect of violacein, phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin on apoptotic genes expression and glycan profiles in breast cancer cells
Neveen
Hussein
Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt.
author
Samia
Ebied
Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt.
author
Marwa
Saleh
Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Cancer researchers have been concentrated on finding the best therapeutic strategies to decline cancer mortality rates. Marine natural products with pharmacological activities have potent anticancer activities. Aim: This study investigated the anticancer effect of violacein, phycocyanin, and phycocyanobilin in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the elucidation of combined therapy efficiency (violacein-phycocyanin) on enhancing the anticancer activity of monotherapy. Materials and Methods: The cultured untreated, and treated cells by etoposide, violacein, phycocyanin, phycocyanobilin, and combined therapy were subjected to molecular studies, and glycan profiles by real time-PCR, and MALDI-TOF respectively. Results: Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 genes expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in all groups were significantly upregulated compared to the untreated cells except for a significant decrease in Bcl-2 by etoposide or combined therapy and an insignificant difference in Bax/Bcl-2 by PC or PCB treatment. The intensity of tetra-, tri-sialylated N-glycan, and di-sialylated O-glycan was significantly decreased in violacein, and combined-treated cells when compared to untreated or PC-treated cells. Mono-sialylated O-glycan was also decreased in combined therapy compared to the treated or untreated cells. Conclusion: Cotreatment with violacein/PC generated synergistic, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells. Therefore, these compounds may be promising chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
81
97
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_164757_ffa4fee405cc7bb01b29d3debd81c684.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.46268.1079
Role of expression of p53 and Ki67 in the progression of Wilms tumor: Correlation with patients’ survival
Ahmad
Darwish
Pediatrics department, Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation unit, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
author
Doaa
Alemam
Public Health and Community department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
author
Heba
Sheta
Pathology department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most frequent renal tumor of childhood and is a highly responsive tumor to chemotherapy. P53 and ki67 are two of the most important markers that have been evaluated in many cancers. The role of p53 in the pathogenesis and progression of WT is only partly understood. Over the past decade, the importance of Ki-67 in the prognosis of breast cancer has been widely studied. On the other hand, fewer studies are available for this in WT. Aim: To study the possible role of p53 and ki67 in the progression and outcome of Wilms tumor cases. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for p53 and ki67 were done and correlated with clinicopathological data of Wilms tumor cases. Results: There was a positive correlation between p53 and ki67 expression and unfavorable histology, higher tumor stage, shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Conclusion: Ki67 and p53 expression was positively correlated with aggressive behavior of Wilms tumor
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
99
110
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163846_dff577bce92cb35fe03b7fba84afd5a0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.46401.1081
Application of EGFR, ki 67 and GFAP as a panel for the diagnosis and grading of astrocytomas
Aliaa
Atef
Ass. Professor of Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Tanta university
author
Mohamed
El-Rashidy
Pathology department, Faculty of medicine, Tanta university , Tanta, Egypt.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. WHO grading scheme is based on the presence or absence of the following four histological parameters using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining: cellular atypia (WHO grade II), mitotic figures (WHO grade III), endothelial proliferation, and/or necrosis (WHO grade IV). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an essential tool in diagnosis of brain tumors and helps in predicting the prognosis of certain brain including astrocytomas. Aim: Study the immunohistochemical expressions of (Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki67 and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) in different grades of astrocytomas. Materials and Methods: This study included 44 cases of astrocytomas classified as: 3 pilocytic astrocytomas, 6 diffuse low grade astrocytomas, 15 anaplastic astrocytomas and 20 glioblastoma multiforms. Immunohistochemical staining of all cases using EGFR, Ki67 and GFAP was done. Results: EGFR showed positive membranous and cytoplasmic expression in 33 (75%) cases, GFAP positive staining was detected in 38 (86.4%) of studied cases while all astrocytomas of different grades showed ki67 positivity with variable degrees with the mean ± SEM of Ki67 LI 17.76% ± 2.46. There was statistically significant relation between EGFR, Ki 67 and GFAP expression and tumor grade. Conclusions: EGFR, Ki 67 and GFAP should be used in combination as a panel side by side with established histological criteria of malignancy and WHO grading system for accurate diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumors.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
123
132
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163637_967aec2c0e7f925362252dc37d9a8513.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.47290.1085
Evaluation of HER2/neu and SPINK1 as an adjunct to the prognosis of urothelial dysplasia and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Aliaa
Atef
Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Asmaa
Bedeer
Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the commonest type of bladder cancer and comprises 90% of all bladder primary tumors. Urothelial dysplasia (UD) points to urothelial instability and is a sign for tumor progression or recurrence, developing into UC in 5–19% of cases. Thus, the identification of valuable markers can be useful for assessing tumor progression and response to targeted therapies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of HER2/neu and SPINK1 in UD and UC, and their relation to available clinicopathological parameters. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 30 cases of UD; and 30 cases of UC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using HER2/neu and SPINK1 primary antibodies Results: HER2 expression was positive in 3 cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) (out of 30 cases of UD) and 17 out of 30 UC cases. SPINK1 showed positive expression in 2 CIS cases and 19 UC cases. There was a statistically significant difference in HER2 and SPINK1 expression between UD and UC. HER2 and SPINK1 expression increased significantly with the increased tumor size, grade and pathologic stage. Only HER2 expression was significantly associated with tumor recurrence. Conclusions: HER2 overexpression is closely associated with aggressive tumors. HER2 can be a valuable predictive indicator for UC prognosis selecting patients who are likely to benefit from anti HER2 targeted therapy. High SPINK1 expression also correlated with features of biologically aggressive bladder UC cases but did not have independent prognostic value.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
111
122
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163636_6ce042f918433524a7eed82014b3b08a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.46899.1084
Measurement of plasma microRNA-500 could differentiate between liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
Nahla
El-Ashmawy
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Ghada
Al-Ashmawy
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Linda
Zayed
Clinical Trial Unit & Bioequivalence Center, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Cairo, Egypt
author
Ayman
Hassan
Molecular Biology Unit, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
author
Reham
Soliman
Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University. and Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital, Egypt
author
Gamal
Shiha
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: A significant number of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are at high risk of progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lack of noninvasive methods for assessment of the degree of liver damage is the main limitation in the clinical management of liver diseases. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the expression level of plasma miR-500 in HCV-induced fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC patients. Methods and results: This prospective study involved 120 subjects, who were divided into 4 groups (n=30/group): healthy control, liver fibrosis patients, liver cirrhosis patients and HCC patients; all patients encountered in the work were clinically diagnosed as chronic HCV patients. The expression of miR-500 in plasma was asessed using quantitative real-time PCR, whereas serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay. Results: The fold change in expression of plasma miR-500 showed significant up-regulation in cirrhotic patients more than 8 fold change as compared to fibrosis group. No significant fold changes in plasma miR-500 expression were found between either (HCC versus cirrhosis group) or (HCC versus fibrosis group. The serum level of AFP was 28.09 higher in the HCC group than non-HCC group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis indicated that the ideal cut-off values of the plasma miR-500 in both fibrosis and cirrhosis groups were 1.52 and 1.15, respectively and 8.2 and 4.55, respectively for AFP. Conclusion: Plasma miR-500 can be used as a novel biomarker for the differentiation between liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
133
142
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114305_79c672c12259283f2f7487ca58fe8419.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.39544.1062
The Expression of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PDL-1 and CTLA-4 in Pancreatic Versus Non-Pancreatic Periampullary Adenocarcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Noha
El-Anwar
Pathology department, faculty of medicine Tanta University
Pathology department, Armed Forces College of Medicine
author
Reham
El Nemr
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University and Pathology Department Armed Forces College of Medicine
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Periampullary cancers constitute about 5% of gastrointestinal malignancies. They are comprised of tumors of diverse origins and are generally subdivided into pancreatic and non-pancreatic carcinomas. Immune checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1) have emerged as promising new targets for cancer therapeutics. Aim: This study aims to determine the possible role of immune checkpoint inhibitors PDL-1 and CTLA-4 in periampullary carcinoma of pancreatic and non-pancreatic adenocarcinoma subtypes, in an attempt to investigate the possible introduction of their related immunotherapy in the management of these tumors. Materials and Methods: Expression of immune inhibitory molecules was examined by immunohistochemistry in 40 cases including (20) pancreatic adenocarcinoma and (20) non-pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The association between markers and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Results: Statistically significant differences in the immunoexpression of both CTLA-4 and PDL-1 in the two studied groups were noticed with higher expression in non-pancreatic adenocarcinoma in relation to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P=0.004, P=0.008) respectively. PDL-1 expression was positive in 15% and 55% of pancreatic and non-pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases, respectively with a significant correlation with lymph nodes metastasis in non-pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases. CTLA-4 was positive in 20% of pancreatic carcinoma with a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and T stage. In non-pancreatic periampullary adenocarcinoma, CTLA-4 was positive in 65% of cases with a significant association with lymph nodes metastasis and T stage. Conclusions: Immunotherapy using anti-PDL-1 and CTLA-4 are proposed as a novel promising management tool in non-pancreatic periampullary adenocarcinoma not in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
143
152
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_178455_47cfed18f121a05adfc3a19f2a9a4252.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.56525.1108
Role of tumor-associated macrophages in relation to angiogenesis in urothelial bladder carcinoma
Heba
Harras
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
Hend
Abo Safia
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Urothelial Bladder carcinoma is an aggressive tumor with male predominance. The tumor microenvironment is found to affect tumor progression and biology. One of its main constituents is tumor-associated- macrophages (TAMs). Angiogenesis is a powerful factor in the development of many tumors and is supposed to be induced by tumor cells and some stromal components that regulate tumor behavior. Aim: To assess the correlation of TAMs and angiogenesis in the stroma of urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with the tumor grade and stage and nodal metastasis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 30 paraffin blocks of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was done for confirmation of the histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemical staining by CD68 antibody was done for counting of TAMs and CD34 antibodies for tumor-associated angiogenesis (microvessel count). Results: Significant higher TAMs count was detected in high-grade and invasive bladder cancers compared to low-grade and non-invasive types and in patients with nodal metastasis. Moreover, microvessel counts (MVCs) were significantly higher in higher grade, invasive bladder cancers and in patients with nodal metastasis. There was a positive correlation between the predominance of CD68+ TAMs and CD34+ MVCs in urothelial carcinoma. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between TAMs and angiogenesis in the stroma of urothelial carcinoma and both are positively correlated with tumor grade, stage, and nodal metastasis. Our data indicated that both TAMs and MVCs could serve as prognostic markers for urothelial bladder cancer.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
153
160
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_164390_bd53687c6eba68edfffde45b801f7719.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.66740.1188
The role of Her 2 neu and N-cadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Aiat
Hemida
Pathology department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University.
author
Dina
Elazab
Pathology department, National liver institute, Menoufia University
author
Nanis
holah
pathology department, faculty of medicine, menoufia university, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Despite advances in diagnosis and surgery, p < /span>atients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)show bad prognosis and high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is important to search for new targeted therapy and prognostic markers. Aim: To evaluate the expression levels of Her2 neu and N-cadherin in HCC and whether they could be used as prognostic markers. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 40 HCC specimens retrieved from the archival cases of Pathology Department, National liver institute, Menoufia University, Egypt, spanning the period between January 2010 to December 2017. Overall survival time was available for 28 patients only. All specimens were stained by Her2 neu and N-cadherin antibodies using the streptavidinbiotin- peroxidase technique. Results: There was significant association between high Her2 neu expression and good prognostic parameters as absent lymphovascular invasion, low grade (P value = 0.028 and 0.049 respectively) and also was associated with low pathological stage but the results didn't reach the level of significance. However there was significant association between low N-cadherin score of expression and good prognostic parameters as low grade (p value = 0.022). Also, there is inverse association between Her 2 neu and N- Cadherin expression in HCC (P value = 0.000). Conclusion: The anti-Her 2 target therapy might not be valuable for HCC patients and also larger studies are recommended to explore potential alternative targeted Her2 enhancer or promoter as well as to understand the exact biological role of Her 2 neu in HCC.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
161
172
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163638_0a03b78a4cfd2eedc32462152f8163b4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.48042.1087
Early onset gastric cancer in Egyptian patients: Is it really a different clinical entity?
Ahmed
Ramez
Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Maha
El-Zaafarany
Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Hayam
Ghazy
Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Basel
Refky
Surgical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Amany
Hassan
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
Manar
Hamed
Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Little is known about characteristics of young patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) in Egypt. Aim: The purpose of this study was to define the clinicopathological features and survival of young GC patients in our population. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 197 GC patients who were treated at our institution from 2011 to 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics and survival were compared between 61 young (≤45 years) and 136 older (>45 years) GC patients. We also studied variables impacting survival of younger patients. Results: The proportion of females, positive family history, and poorly differentiated tumors were significantly higher in young patients. Younger group showed significantly longer interval between symptoms and diagnosis (all P < 0.05). The mean overall survival (OS) of young patients was lower compared to older patients (10.7 vs. 18.7 months, respectively; P=0.06). Multivariate analyses revealed that distant metastasis and CA19-9 were independent factors for reduced survival in younger patients. Conclusion: We conclude that clinico-pathological characteristics of GC are different between young and old patients. Aggressive tumor biology and a significant diagnostic delay may have contributed to worse survival in younger patients.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
173
180
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_163639_5a15700b1b7ac18c899ee9112ae4b71c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2020.48678.1089
Glucose Transporter 4 and Interleukin 8 expression in hormone receptor-negative/HER2 overexpressing breast carcinoma subtype: Correlation with the biological behavior of the tumor cells and prognostic parameters
Marwa
Abd El-Azeem
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2021
eng
Background: Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer. Nearly 15–20% of breast carcinomas are HER2 overexpressing subtype. Patients with this subtype have a poor prognosis with fewer therapeutic options. Increased glucose transporters expression is crucial for enhancing glucose uptake observed in several tumors. Overexpression of IL-8 has been found in neoplastic epithelial cells of various malignancies which are involved in tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Aim: Study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of GLUT4 and IL-8 in ER-, PR-/HER2+ BC subtype to correlate their expression with the biological behavior of tumor cells and prognosis. Materials & Methods: Fifty-eight ER-,PR-/HER2+ primary invasive ductal breast carcinoma NOS paraffin blocks were collected from archive of Patholohy department, Faculty of medicine, Tanta University and private labs. Cut sections were stained with primary anti-GLUT4, anti-IL-8, and anti-Ki67 antibodies. Results: High GLUT4 expression was significantly associated with advanced TN staging and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI). A significant relationship was found between high IL-8 immuno-expression and TN staging and LVI. A significant positive correlation was observed between high GLUT4 and IL-8 expressions on one hand and positive Ki67 immunoreactivity in tumor cells on the other hand. No statistically significant association was detected between either GLUT4 or IL-8 expression and patient age, tumor grade, or M stage. Conclusion: GLUT4 and IL-8 expression in ER-,PR-/HER2+ BC were associated with poor prognostic parameters, thus downregulation of GLUT4 and IL-8 might provide alternative therapeutic choices for patients with this subtype.
International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)
2682-261X
5
v.
2
no.
2021
181
192
https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_164756_e6b16b1689fe39501e446427165a0be1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jcbr.2021.52984.1102