@article { author = {Meshrif, Wesam}, title = {Thanks to Drosophila in advancing biomedical research}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.47457.1086}, abstract = {In 1910, no one could imagine that the small fly, Drosophila reared in Thomas Morgan Lab at Columbia University, USA will help us to understand genetics, developmental processes, innate immunity, complex behaviour and neural control of several functions in eukaryotes, including humans. The vinegar fly, D. melanogaster is a small insect which attracted scientists to answer several important questions and as a low-cost and valuable model for studying neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, kidney diseases, metabolic, respiratory and immune disorders, intestinal inflammation and pathogens, cancer and ageing, because it is easy to be cultured to produce large numbers as well as its short life cycle; its mutant lines are available in several centers. Besides, its genome has been sequenced which showed approximately 75% similarity of the human disease-related genes. Research on Drosophila has resulted in seven Nobel prizes between 1933 and 2017. We do believe that using Drosophila as a model for human diseases will advance and foster our understanding of human diseases.}, keywords = {DrosAfrica,Nobel prizes, Tanta University,vinegar fly}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_120130.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_120130_26afa84ba9309d430402956744a501a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Mohamed and Hassan, Ismail and Elmashad, Nehal}, title = {Low cytolytic functions of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and high levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in early diagnosed lung cancer}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {79-86}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.18636.1003}, abstract = {Background: About 80% to 85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which are believed to secrete mediators that may lead to disorders in the immune system and tumor immune surveillance. This disorder may include dysfunction in CD8+ T cells and NK cells, which play critical role in fighting against cancer. Aim: Evaluate the impact of lung cancer on the numbers and function of CD8+ T cells, NK and NK T cells as well as the inflammatory milieu. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=5) and early diagnosed lung cancer patients (NSCLCs; n=5). The numbers of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NK T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with the relevant antibodies. Plasma was prepared from the blood to measure the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by Lumiex® protein array. Results: Compared to healthy controls, lung cancer patients showed significant decrease in numbers of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. NK cells showed considerable reduction in their expression levels of the cytolytic molecule granzyme-B. Marked higher levels of IL-1 and CCL2 was detected in the plasma of lung cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Early diagnosed lung cancer patients showed dysfunction not only in the numbers of cytolytic immune cells but also their function that correlated with inflammatory microenvironment.}, keywords = {Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells,Cytokines,Chemokines,Granzyme,Lung Cancer,Natural Killer,NK,NK T cells,NSCLCs}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_77043.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_77043_dc83cac6850fa8c878df6bd2f4355182.pdf} } @article { author = {Mourtada, Fatima and Assem, Magda and El Leithy, Asmaa and Hassan, Naglaa and Hassan, Nagwa}, title = {RUNX3 gene expression confers an independent Overall survival advantage in non-M3 adult acute myeloid leukemia patients in Egypt.}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {87-98}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.27668.1027}, abstract = {Pretreatment bone marrow samples from 46 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mRNA expression of RUNX1,2 and 3 along with the hedgehog ligands Indian hedgehog(IHH) and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and correlated their expressions with various clinicopathological parameters in adult human Egyptian (AML) patients. AML patients had significantly increased expression of RUNX1 & RUNX2 and significantly decreased expression of the Hedgehog ligands (IHH&SHH) compared to normal bone marrow samples.Spearman Correlation Coefficient test showed positive correlation of RUNX3 gene expression with platelet count, but a significant negative correlation with total leukocytic count and peripheral blood blasts. This reduced circulating tumor burden induced by RUNX3 overexpression, was not significantly reflected upon complete remission induction. But was clearly manifested by a significantly improved overall survival (P=0.015) on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that higher expression of RUNX3 & increased hemoglobin level were the only independent factors which affect OS significantly. This significant effect was not achieved by any of the other four studied genes.Ectopic co-expression of the hedgehog ligands: Indian hedgehog (IHH) & Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in AML was observed. No significant correlation between RUNX3expression & either IHH or SHH was observed. The link between HH pathway & RUNXs family members was provided by a significant positive correlation between RUNX2& IHH. In conclusion, RUNX3 over expression is a good prognostic factor in Egyptian adult non-M3 AML.}, keywords = {RUNX3,Acute Myeloid Leukemia,M3,Runx2,RUNX1}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109798.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109798_192398f9d1753d5ffcfa0a8d2cdd811b.pdf} } @article { author = {Zidan, Abdelaziz and Tuorkey, Muobarak}, title = {Impact of interleukin-7 on the differentiation and anti-tumor capabilities of CD8+ T cells}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {99-105}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.23254.1011}, abstract = {Background: Developing optimal strategies for generating T cells capable of effectively controlling tumors is one of the most important prerequisites for the clinical application of adoptive cell therapies in cancer patients. However, the generation of sufficient numbers of tumor-reactive T cells capable of efficient tumor regression and long-term persistence remains a significant impediment to widespread clinical implementation. Aim: The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial anti-tumor effects of a simplified combinatorial approach that involves a short activation of naïve  CD8+ T cells with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (CON-A; 4 ug/mL) and the survival cytokine IL-7 (10 ng/mL), after a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX; 4 mg/mouse) after their adoptive transfer into Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing CD1 mice. Results: We found that adoptive transfer of in vitro IL-7-conditioned T cells into EAC-bearing (3-day) mice previously treated with a single dose of CTX induced a delay in the progression of EAC, and the establishment of long-term immunological memory, which has the efficiency to provide full protection for mice against cancer. Our results indicated that in the presence of IL-7, the short-term T-cell receptor signaling mediates promiscuous qualities in naïve cytotoxic CD8+T cells. Conclusion: The data indicate that upon the adoptive transfer of IL-7 conditioned T cells into lymphopenic hosts, they were able to eradicate tumors and also to generate long-term tumor-specific memory.}, keywords = {Cytokines,Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC),IL-7, T-cells,T-cell homeostasis,tumor-specific memory}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_94297.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_94297_be8125482736e0ae0c1ec3743a7ea97d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-hamied, Samar and Elsheredy, Heba and Fadali, Gylan and Mansour, Amal and Hussein, Amina}, title = {The Programmed Death-1 Receptor, Programmed Death-1 Ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Patients: A potential Mechanism of Immune Escape}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {107-120}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.29939.1038}, abstract = {Background: Interaction between programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and its receptor PD-1 is a major inhibitory pathway in maintaining an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The expression of PD-L1 in various solid tumors is proposed to function in preventing T-cell mediated tumor killing and activating tumor-suppressive cell populations through different mechanisms. B-cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) is a key anti-apoptotic protein that has been described as a mediator of cancer progression. The expression of PD-L1 on the activated T-cells supports their survival. Objectives:Evaluate the expression of PD-1, PD-L1 in relation to apoptosis among patients with breast cancer. PD-1, PD-L1 and Bcl-2 l were correlated with each other and with the clinicopathological features of the disease. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 55 breast cancer patients with different stages of the disease.20 healthy individuals were included as a control group. Patient groups were divided into an early and advanced-stage of the disease. The percentage of PD-1 and PDL-1 were measured in blood samples using flowcytometry. Quantitative detection of Bcl-2 protein was assessed using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, lymph node involvement, tumor size, vascular invasion and hormonal receptors. PD-1 positivity was significantly associated with lymph node involvement. A significant negative correlation was found between serum Bcl-2 and early-stage and lymph node involvement. However, a significant positive correlation existed between serum Bcl-2 and PD-L1+. Conclusions: The correlation between PD-L1+ expression and serum Bcl-2 concentration may highlight the role of apoptotic machinery in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.}, keywords = {apoptosis,breast cancer,immune escape}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114341.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114341_6cc753ed7cda140eb076f9b21275b782.pdf} } @article { author = {Shafik, Engy and Mohareb, Dina and Hetta, Helal and khallaf, Salah and Abd el-Rady, Nessren and Gaber, Zainab and Abu Rahma, Mohamed and Abbas, Wael and Atta, Haisam}, title = {Adipocytokine, leptin, and resistin in combination with quantitative visceral adiposity as predictors of colorectal neoplasm: A case-control study}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {121-131}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.28094.1029}, abstract = {Background: Substantial evidence has supported the association between adipocytokines and many types of cancers. However, the results in the setting of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains conflicting. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of adipocytokines (leptin and Rrsistin) levels and abdominal fat distribution in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: Eighty participants were recruited then divided into three groups based on the endoscopic and histopathological investigation. The recruited individuals included 30 patients with colon cancer, 25 with colonic adenoma, and 25 controls. Serum adipocytokines (leptin and resistin) levels were measured, and the quantitative fat analysis was calculated based on an abdominal CT scan. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed that two predictors (leptin and resistin) of CRC development could be used. Visceral/superficial fat rate was the most significant predictor among the parameters of quantitative fat analysis. Also, psoas muscle and visceral fat volume showed significant differences among the study groups. Conclusion: Leptin and resistin can be used as a valuable independent predictor for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Also, the visceral/superficial fat rate was the most predictor.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,fat analysis,leptin,Resistin}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96233.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96233_9766c6150f8b2f0f9349651af02eeec0.pdf} } @article { author = {Gohar, Suzy and Hegazy, Amira and Alhassanin, Suzan and Shehata, Mohamed and Abd El Bary, Naser and Abd El Aziz, Khaled}, title = {Paclitaxel as a possible continuation maintenance therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {133-141}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.29694.1036}, abstract = {Background: Understanding the molecular basis of lung cancer has led to the development of targeted agents with a significant clinical benefit. This benefit is confined to patients with specific molecular tumor characteristics. However, chemotherapy represents the backbone of treatment in fit patients and is associated with a significant overall survival prolongation and quality of life improvement. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a continuation maintenance therapy with paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC patients with weekly paclitaxel. Patients and Methods: The current study included patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (stage IIIB or IV) with performance status ≤ 2 who experienced good initial good response, or stable disease after receiving 4 cycles of paclitaxel carboplatin. Patients were randomized into 2 arms, the first arm received weekly paclitaxel (70 mg/m2) as continuation maintenance therapy for 3 weeks of 4 weeks cycle. The treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (maintenance arm). The second arm was kept under observation (observation arm). Results: There was a better lung cancer symptoms scale in the maintenance arm. Both times to progression and overall survival for the maintenance arm was higher (P value 0.16 and 0.047, respectively). Treatment-related toxicities were significantly higher in the maintenance arm as compared to the observation arm (P value <0.001). Conclusion: Maintenance with paclitaxel can be a reasonable option in patients with NSCLC who experienced a complete or partial response after initial paclitaxel carboplatin combination.}, keywords = {Continuation maintenance,Lung Cancer,NSCLC,Paclitaxel,Survival}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96238.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96238_d307a0d963e6448bf5fbc2002de10e27.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Nadia and Ghareeb, Doaa and El- Sohaimy, Sobhy and EL-Demellawy, Maha and El-Saied, Mohamad}, title = {Evaluation of the anti-Fusarium effect of Cinnamoum zeilanicum, Berberise vulgaris and Caluna vulgaris ethanolic extracts}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {143-150}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.30493.1039}, abstract = {Background: Mycotoxins such as Fumonisin B (FB), are low-molecular-weight natural products produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi. The mycotoxins, FB, contaminates grain products and acts as a virulence factor for host cells. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic crude extracts of Cinnamuom zeilanicum (CZ), Berberise vulgaris (BV) and Calluna vulgaris (CV) on the growth of corn seed’s fungi and /or mycotoxin production. Materials and methods:  Firstly, corn seeds were collected and cultured on water agar media and the grown fungi were inoculated into Sabouraud’s dextrose media, then the toxins were identified. Secondly, the dried plants of CZ, BV and CV were phytochemically screened for alkaloids, phlobatannins, saponnins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The fungus purified DNA was sequenced, and BLAST alignment was used to identify the fungi and mycotoxin types. Furthermore, the effect of different plant extract treatments on fungi growth was assessed. Finally, toxinproduction was assessed using HPLC. Results: The obtained results confirmed that Fusarium isolate was Fusarium sporotrichioides. Among the three tested extracts, Cinnamuom zeilanicum extract was the most potent inhibitor for Fumonisin B production followed by Berberise vulgaris and Calluna vulgaris. Conclusion: Cinnamuom zeilanicum extract could be used during corn seed long-term packaging and storage to inhibit (FB) production and toxicity.}, keywords = {Corn seeds,fumonisin B1,Fusarium sporotrichioides,Mycotoxins,zearalenone}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_105567.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_105567_7485df64ecfe96b5ae735ba00640e084.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer, basma and Amer, Alaa}, title = {The role of Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha HNF4α and Homeobix protein CDX2 immunomarkers in the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal carcinoma}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {151-158}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.33334.1048}, abstract = {Background: Detection of the primary site of metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin is necessary to help in the choice of the treatment. CDX2 is routinely used in metastatic adenocarcinomas cases for identifying the gastrointestinal origin. HNF4α is a new immunohistochemical marker with a few studies showing that it is expressed in a majority of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Aim: To determine the expression of HNF4α and CDX2 in metastatic carcinoma cases for detection of gastrointestinal origin.  Material and methods: We assessed HNF4α and CDX2 in 60 metastatic carcinoma cases in different organs, which were diagnosed retrospectively. HNF4-α and CDX-2 expressions were evaluated by light microscopic examination of all tissue sections by two different pathologists. The cut-off for positivity of HNF4α and CDX-2 was 1% of stained nucleus of metastatic tumor cells. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy of two markers and P value were calculated. Results: The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of HNF4α were 90%, 82.5%, 72%, 94.3% and 85% respectively for diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma metastasis from other metastatic carcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CDX2 were 80%, 72.5%, 59.3%, 87.9% and 75% respectively. The P-value for comparing between their expression in metastatic adenocarcinoma from lower GIT and each other groups is less than 0.05. Conclusions: We concluded that HNF4α can be used as a supplementary marker with CDX2 to identify metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. HNF4α expression is a highly specific and sensitive marker of colorectal origin.}, keywords = {CDX2,HNF4α,NPV,PPV}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109811.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109811_0c6f3888d29c599255265830e6870a4d.pdf} }