@article { author = {Elmashad, Nehal}, title = {Welcome note}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.51793.1100}, abstract = {Welcome to this issue of Int. J. of Cancer and Biomedical Research (IJCBR). I hope that researchers, oncologists, laboratory workers, and science enthusiasts find our journal as an excellent source of sharing knowledge and resourceful information related to the cancer and biomedical research. Our vision is to create a high-quality publication that will be relevant, challenging, thought provoking, and inclusive of a diverse range of voices and perspectives, including graduate students, academic researchers and scholars, policy-makers through publishing original research articles, theoretical contributions, reviews of the literature, critical commentaries, case studies, book reviews. In the current issue, the readers will find high quality research articles in different aspects, including HCV, lupus nephritis, immunological efficiency of melanin, antitumor activities of fungi as well as different topic in cancer research, hepatocellular, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, endometrial carcinoma, and ascites carcinoma. These topics decipher certain cellular and molecular hallmarks of cancer in different organs. The overall finding of these studies open new avenues for future studies that can lead to exploring new biomarkers and treatment modalities.We do believe that COVID-19 has fundamentally disrupted the practice of oncology, shifting care onto virtual platforms, rearranging the logistics and economics of running a successful clinical practice and research, and in some contexts, redefining what treatments patients with cancer should and can receive.}, keywords = {COVID,Cancer,research}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_126902.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_126902_40bb1edab44ba6b3ab2e23a6de75ae50.pdf} } @article { author = {Elabd, Naglaa and Montaser, Belal and khader, Heba and Gohar, Suzy and Makboul, Khalid and Elhamoly, Moamena}, title = {Association Between the ACE (I/D) Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Egyptian HCV Patients}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {159-167}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.29926.1037}, abstract = {Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most fatal malignancies worldwide and is related to many risk factors. Chronic HCV is associated with a 20–30-fold increased risk for HCC. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is overexpressed in many cancers and plays a major role in angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. Aim: We aimed to elucidate the effect of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and HCC, and its relationship to clinical parameters. Patients and Methods: The study included 180 participants, cirrhotic (n=60), HCC (n=60) and control healthy subjects (n=60). Liver and renal function tests, alpha-fetoprotein, HCV antibodies and triphasic CT were assessed. ACE Gene polymorphism was assessed by Nested PCR. Results: We observed higher frequencies of DD (36.7%) and DI (51.7%) genotypes, along with the D allele (62.5%), in HCC patients compared to those of cirrhotic cases (10%, 40% and 30%, respectively) and control subjects (6.7%, 38.3%, and 25.8%, respectively). DD and DI genotypes increased the risk and predicted the occurrence of HCC by OR 25.932 and OR 6.354, respectively. The D allele conveys significant risk for HCC compared to control and cirrhotic groups with OR 4.785 and OR 3.889, respectively. Both DD genotype and D allele are significantly correlated with larger tumor size and metastasis. Conclusion: The ACE I/D polymorphism (DD genotype and D allele) is significantly associated with HCC risk in HCV patients and is correlated with increased tumor growth and advanced stage.}, keywords = {HCV,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC,ACE I/D,Polymorphism,nested PCR}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96234.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_96234_a15f4d3335663f8fad5587d0991e98bf.pdf} } @article { author = {Bedeer, Asmaa and El-Rashidy, Mohamed and Elzayat, Saad and Elsherif, Hossam}, title = {Evaluation of the prognostic significance of P53 and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {169-176}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.31528.1042}, abstract = {Background: Laryngeal tumors are considered to be the most frequent neoplasm of head and neck cancers, they account for almost 25% of the malignant neoplasms involving this region. Even though it shows better clinical outcome, its prognosis still worse due to its local invasiveness, lymph node and distant metastasis. Thus, a better realization of the molecular pathways developing laryngeal carcinogenesis may help in the identification of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers, and developing novel management strategies for this cancer. Material and methods: This study included 40 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), 38 cases were received as punch biopsies and only 2 cases were received as excisional biopsies. Immunohistochemical staining of all cases using P53 and PCNA was done. Results: The immunohistochemical expression of p53 was positive in the nuclei of 31 out of 40 (77.5%) LSCC cases. PCNA expression was positive in 28 out of 40 (70%) LSCC cases. P53 expression was significantly correlated with the increase in tumor size, higher tumor stageand lymph node invasion.PCNA expression, as well, was significantly correlated with the increase in tumor size, higher tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor site and lymph node invasion.Conclusions: p53 and PCNA are properly independent predictors of the outcomes in patients with LSCC, and their immunohistochemical expression may aid in predicting the clinical course in patients with LSCC, and selecting patients who should be treated more cautiously.}, keywords = {laryngeal carcinoma LSCC,p53,PCNA}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_107575.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_107575_e16ad012cf5510b5b0560f2bf82239f8.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil, Sohaila and Attia, Zainab and Elshikh, Essam and Ali, Sameh and Salem, Mohamed}, title = {Alteration in the gene expression profiling of mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain genes in lymphoma patients}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {177-186}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.32420.1044}, abstract = {Background: Many genes are involved in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)-associated translocations regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development. NHL commonly occurs along with molecular genetic abnormalities. Certain molecular genetic abnormalities in NHL are related to specific lymphoma subtypes, which are associated with prognosis or potential therapeutic targets. Aim: This study aimed to screen for the potential expression of key genes in metabolic pathways in lymphoma patients (NHL) in early diagnosed cases and its clinical relevance. Materials and Methods: The relative expression of RNA profiling in 6 early diagnosed NHL patients and 3 healthy control volunteers were determined by using Affymetrix® HTA 2.0 array technology. Results: The total number of screened genes was 67528 around 44,699 coding genes in humans and 22,829 non-coding genes for evidence which has shown fundamental significance in normal development, differentiation, regulation of growth and in human diseases such as cancer. Only 6395 genes were differentially expressed between NHL patients and control. From these genes, 451 genes are up-regulated, and 655 genes were down-regulated. Compared to the control group; NHL patients displayed a significant 1.2 fold increase in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (POLMRT, TFAM) and ATPAse gene (ATP5D). Whereas a significant decrease was observed in the expression of NADH dehydrogenase genes (NDUFS1, NDUFV2, NDUFA1, NSDYFAB1) and mitochondrial biogenesis genes (TFB2M, UCP2, SLC25A) by 1.5 fold. Additionally, cytochrome oxidase genes (COX5A and COX6A1) exhibited a significant 1.3 fold decrease. This expression alteration is associated with cytogenetic abnormalities and may lead to hematological malignancies. Conclusion: This study explored the importance of certain mitochondrial related genes which can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of the disease.}, keywords = {Affymetrix,Bioinformatics,Biogenesis,Gene array,Lymphoma,Metabolic,Microarray,mitochondria,NHL,Transcriptome}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_112840.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_112840_04fabe72cd02246c6065989794d4d979.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Zawawy, Nessma and Metwally, Metwally and Abd El-Salam, Noha}, title = {Antitumor and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi obtained from Egyptian Urospermum picroides}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {187-199}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.32713.1045}, abstract = {Background: Urospermum picroidesis an invasive medicinal plant well established in North cost, Egypt. Endophytic fungi of this medicinal plant in Egypt is poorly known. Aim: The present study aimed to estimate the biological activities of endophytic fungi from Egyptian U.picroides. Materials and Mthods: Two endophytic fungi were isolated from U.picroides and identified as Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum based on phylogenetic analysis. Results: Ethyl acetate extracts of F. oxysporum and P. herbarum gave high antioxidant activities (26.2 and 51.7%, respectively). Moreover, they showed highly antitumor activities with some significant morphological changes of characteristic apoptosis accompanied by up regulation of both p53 and Bax for F.oxysporum and P.herbarum extracts (1.55, 2.14 for p53 and 1.24, 2.2 for Bax, respectively) with down regulation of Bcl-2 (0.18 and 0.16, respectively). Ethyl acetate extract of F.oxysporum (EAFE) showed highest antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (70 mm), while ethyl acetate extract of P.herbarum (EAPE) showed highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (37 mm) and Candida albicans (35 mm). Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed major abnormalities for tested microorganisms after treatment with (EAFE and EAPE) resulting in complete alternation in their morphology. GC-MS results showed 30 biological active compounds for both extracts. The most significant proportion in EAFE was Diisooctyl phthalate with relative levels (74.9%), while Benzoic acid, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- was the most active compound in EAPE (61.7%). Conclusion: These results proposed that ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi from Egyptian U.picroides showed to be promising novel antioxidant, antitumor agents and antimicrobial with further phytochemical studies.}, keywords = {antioxidant,antitumor,Antimicrobial, Endophytic fungi,U. picroides}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114113.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114113_55a50a128e009d8d19f978a5b3a122f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Farid, Alyaa and Abd Almolaa, Taysser and Safwat, Gehan}, title = {Complements as a Predictive Biomarker of Lupus Nephritis in Female Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {201-207}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.32780.1046}, abstract = {Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) has been demonstrated in about 40–50 percent of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Patients having renal flares are at risk from suffering serious kidney damage, and usually have a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, renal flare pathogenesis in LN patients remains unclear, and no known predictions of an impending renal flare exist. Aim: The present study aims to measure circulating levels of anti-C1q antibodies, C3, C4, TNF-α and soluble TNF-α receptor, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as biomarkers for active LN. Materials and methods: The study included 180 SLE female patients meeting the revised classification requirements of the modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR); 90 female patients with active proliferative LN (biopsy-proven) and other 90 patients with inactive LN. Patients were receiving mycophenolate mofetil; and the study was conducted between 2018 and 2019. Results: We found that low levels of complement C3 and C4 in combination with high levels of BUN, creatinine, anti-C1q antibodies and positive anti-dsDNA antibodies were more likely to be associated with lupus nephritis development in SLE patients. Also, high levels of TNF-α and its soluble receptor can be used as an indication of active disease activity and flare development. Conclusion: Monitoring of Anti-C1q antibodies, C3, C4, serum creatinine, and BUN levels in SLE patients can improve LN prognosis. TNF-α can also be used as an indicator for active LN and concomitant flare. This early diagnosis combined with prompt care would help decrease morbidity and mortality in LN patients.}, keywords = {Ana,C3,C4,Lupus nephritis,TNF-α}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109862.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_109862_e9d5b7c766ca56812426e397aaa2e72a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mwafy, Shorouk and elanwar, noha and Eid, Asmaa}, title = {Mismatch repair status in Endometrioid type of Endometrial Carcinoma: association with clinicopathological parameters}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {209-215}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.35282.1053}, abstract = {Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma [EC], particularly the most predominant endometrioid type [EEC] is a major contributor to cancer burden globally, and its molecular classification has gained much importance recently. Aim: This study aimed to determine the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins 'MLH1 and MSH2' in relation to clinicopathologic parameters in EEC and to characterize clinicopathologic features of mismatch repair protein (MMRP) deficient EEC. Material and methods: The current work was carried out on 80 cases of EEC retrieved [with clinical data] from the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University in the period from June 2018 to December 2019. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining with MLH and MSH2 were done for each case. Results: 29 (36.3%) carcinomas showed abnormal MMRP expression (11 cases showed isolated MLH1 deficiency (37.93%), 10 cases showed isolated MSH2 deficiency (34.48%), and 8 cases (27.59) showed a combined loss of both proteins), whereas the remaining 51 (63.7%) of cases demonstrated normal MLH1/MSH2 immunoreactivity (MMRP intact). MLH1, MSH2 expression, and MMRP status were closely related to some clinicopathologic features (patient’s age, histopathological tumor grade, and tumor stage) with a statistically significant relation. Conclusions: A subset of endometrioid type EC demonstrates MMRP defect; the MMRP deficient EEC often displays adverse clinicopathological parameters as poorly differentiated or undifferentiated histology, an advanced stage with young age at presentation.}, keywords = {Endometrioid type endometrial cancer,mismatch repair proteins,MLH1 and MSH2}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_110171.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_110171_aa9f87a8e1dc4f60f7f0c15425b1e54f.pdf} } @article { author = {Seifeldein, Gehan and Elsaba, Tarek and Gabr, Adel and Mohamed, Dalia and Elmorshidy, Summer and Atta, Haisam}, title = {The diagnostic efficacy of tailored multiparametric breast MRI in indeterminate mammographic lesions: A single tertiary oncology center}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {217-228}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.36193.1057}, abstract = {Aim: Assessing the diagnostic role of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in indeterminate mammographic breast lesions and postulated a diagnostic model for MRI interpretation integrating the morphological, and functional parameters. Material and Methods: Two hundred forty patients included in a self-control retrospective study in a tertiary center. All patients examined with 1.5T MR unit using multiparametric studies including morphological analysis followed by functional evaluation via MR diffusion (MR-DWI), spectroscopy(MRS), and kinetic enhanced curves (DCE-MRI). Diagnostic performance of each parameter was evaluated alone and in combination. The histopathological results were the standard of reference. Results: Combined mpMRI parameters possess a moderate agreement (κ=0.435) with 23.5% false discovery rate (FDR) and an overall accuracy of 78%.On the other hand, combined mpMRI data after omitting MRS data show almost perfect agreement (κ=0.923)with histopathological data and recorded 100% specificity, 90% specificity, 5% FDR and zero% for both false omission rate (FOR) and false-negative rate (FNR). The Quantitative analysis of DWI with ADC map shows a significant statistical value for mean ADC (m-ADC) value and relative ADC (r-ADC) value. The former has cutoff value 1.1x10-3 mm2/sec with higher specificity 97.5% while r-ADC has cutoff value 0.42x10-3 mm2/sec with quite lower specificity 85%. Perfect agreement in the interpretation of DCE-MRI curves, MR-DWI, and MRS with κ =0.92,0.9 and 0.84 respectively.  Conclusion: Tailored combined multiparametric MRI is a potent diagnostic tool in the characterization of indeterminate mammographic breast lesions.}, keywords = {BI-RADS,diffusion-weighted imaging,Magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRI,multiparametric}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114308.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114308_13e57385b4a872fd7c213125b946ed73.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Mohamed and Mona, Marwa and Ziada, Mai and Bassiony, Mohamed}, title = {Potential antitumor effects of egg extract and purple fluid from marine Aplysia fasciata against experimental Ehrlich ascites carcinoma}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {229-241}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.21606.1008}, abstract = {Background: The wide biodiversity of marine animals provides a rich source of potential bioactive materials with biomedical applications. Aim: This study aimed to test the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of the purple fluid and egg extracts from Aplysia fasciata inhabiting the Egyptian marine water. Methods: The cytotoxicity of both the purple fluid and egg extracts were analysed in vitro against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by the trypan blue exclusion, MTT reduction assay and flow cytometry. The anti-EAC immunological effects of both extracts were assessed by blood counting and flow cytometry in mice challenged with EAC cells.  Results: In vitro treatment of EAC cells with egg extract and the purple fluid caused significant decreases in the number and viability of EAC cells associated with increases in EAC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as compared to untreated EAC cells. In vivo, both the purple fluid extract (20μg/ mouse) and egg extract (6.7 μg/mouse) significantly reduced the numbers of EAC cells by 4.3 and 2.3 folds, respectively. However, the anti-tumour effects of the extracts either in vitro or in vivo were yet lower than that of the anti-tumor reference drug cisplatin. Both extracts induced significant increases in the levels of relative and absolute numbers of lymphocytes, mature macrophages (CD11b+ Ly6G-) while with minimal effects on immature neutrophils (CD11b+ Ly6G+). Conclusion: Both egg extract and the purple fluid of Aplysia fasciata possess potential anti-tumour effects with less toxicity, opening new avenues for further evaluation of the chemical and biological mechanisms behind these effects.}, keywords = {Aplysia fasciata,apoptosis,Bioactive marine extracts,Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma,Egg extracts,Purple fluid extract}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_111487.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_111487_408a64aae9d471b55ca087731ceb5321.pdf} } @article { author = {Allam, Nanis and Abd El-Zaher, Eman and allam, Asmaa}, title = {Immunological efficiency of microbial melanin on bacterial pathogenicity.}, journal = {International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {243-258}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)}, issn = {2682-261X}, eissn = {2682-2628}, doi = {10.21608/jcbr.2020.35015.1051}, abstract = {In our present study, the immunological efficiency of brown Mel1 extracted from Streptomyces longisporoflavus NR043926 and black Mel2 extracted from Aspergillus niger MT355517 on bacterial pathogenicity was investigated. Mel1 and Mel2 were extracted and purified from the dried microbial biomass. Chemical characterization of extracted MeI pigments were compared with standard melanin. In vivo, estimation of the protective action of these pigments against Escherichia coli infection in Swiss albino mice which was identified by molecular characterizations 16S rRNA gene sequences, Albumin content was reduced in +ve control group (infected non – treated mice), while liver enzymes (ALT & AST) were increased in comparison to normal values were detected in immunized mice with Mel pigments. Eosinophil, monocyte values showed a non-difference, while the changes in lymphocyte numbers were paralleled to the response of total leukocyte counts. Serum antibodies total IgM in the non-immunized (+ve control group) mice were markedly lower than those observed in immunized mice (prevention groups and treated groups) with microbial melanin which can stimulate immunity system. Mel2 had high immunoprotection defense against E. coli infection in comparison to Mel1.}, keywords = {Escherichia coli,Melanin,Pigments,Swiss albino mice}, url = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114306.html}, eprint = {https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_114306_fffa754cded710320ac23ff29f612b55.pdf} }