The Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220301T1107 polymer expressed potential anti-tumor effects against HepG2 cell line11023433810.21608/jcbr.2021.92796.1227ENEl-RefaieKenawyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Mohamed LabibSalemZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptNouraSanohChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.
Center of Excellence in Cancer Research.MohamedAzaamChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University.Journal Article20210826<strong>Background</strong>: Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are obtained naturally, semi-synthetically or synthetically by a polymerization reaction. Tetronics based ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers have gained a great of interest. It demonstrated interactions with cell membranes with potential for developing new biomaterials for application in nanomedicine . <strong>Aim: </strong>The primary aim of the current study is to test the direct anticancer activity of unmodified tetronic (T1107), P-HB+aminated tetronic and N, N DMAB+aminated tetronic polymersand the associated by apoptosis and cell cycle. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Synthetic polymers were prepared and characterized to confirm the modification. Anti-tumor activity was examined <em>in vitro</em> using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Cell viability (MTT), cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. <strong>Results</strong>: Unmodified tetronic (T1107) decreased HepG2 viability (by 30%) than untreated HepG2 cells. Treatment with P-HB+aminated tetronic and N,N DMAB+aminated did not give a significant effect on Hepg-2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 with unmodified tetronic (T1107) induced cell cycle arrest at G0 phase (39.4%), while P-HB+aminated tetronic and N,N DMAB+aminated tetronic induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase (by 54.8% and 48.2%, respectively as compared to treatment with the doxorubicin (DOX) as a reference drug, which induced Hepg-2 cell cycle arrest at GO phase (by 39.1%). The unmodified tetronic (T1107) increased the numbers of late apoptotic cells (by 49.4%), while P-HB+aminated tetronic and N,N DMAB+aminated tetronic did not induced significant apoptosis. <strong>Conclusion</strong>:.Unmodified Tetronic T1107 induces an anticancer effect more than modified Tetronic polymers. https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234338_5542cba82f61e092d75858d19a5521de.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220429Extended oral care can prevent oral mucositis in immunocompromised acute lymphoblastic leukemia ghildren111723433110.21608/jcbr.2021.93085.1228ENAyaGamalMaster of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children HospitalSuzyAbd El MaboodPediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, EgyptHanaa MahmoudShalanPediatric Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, EgyptAhmed KamalMansourPediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric department, Faculty of Medicine ,Mansoura University,EgyptJournal Article20210828<strong>Background</strong>: Oral mucositis is a serious complication of chemotherapy. The incidence of chemotherapy induced mucositis ranges from 40%-76% with many studies suggesting that children are more susceptible than adults. <strong>Aim:</strong> We aimed at evaluating pretreatment dental rehabilitation in protecting from oral mucositis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia children. <strong> Patients and Methods:</strong> An open labeled randomized controlled study including 50 newly diagnosed patients with dental caries was conducted. They were classified into a group (A) using standard oral care and group (B) undergoing extended oral care using dental rehabilitation by a pediatric dentist before induction chemotherapy. <strong>Results:</strong> No differences were observed between both groups regarding mucositis development or severity. Mucositis was more among patients with lower neutrophil count, platelet count and poor compliance to daily oral care (P value <0.001, 0.01 and <0.001)<strong> </strong>respectively. A positive correlation between mucositis grade and Decayed; Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score and a negative correlation between mucositis grade and neutrophil count were noticed with statistical significance. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although dental rehabilitation before induction chemotherapy did not seem to reduce either the occurrence or grade of oral mucositis, the positive correlation between mucositis severity and DMF score supports the importance of pretreatment dental assessment and rehabilitation in such immunocompromised patients. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and poor oral care were found to be risk factors for oral mucositis. https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234331_9963e492a0c66aa8739531fc1a129c25.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220301Toxicological and pathophysiological alterations accompanied treating cancer with the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) crude venom on mice192923433210.21608/jcbr.2022.77445.1215ENHosniNeweigyPh.D. student, Physiology department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0003-0133-3192Mona SamyGouidaMansoura Children Hospital, Mansoura UniversityMohamed LabibSalemZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptMohamed SalahEl NaggarZoology Department; Faculty of Science; Suez Canal UniversityJournal Article20210625Cancer is one of the human mortality leading causes. While there are many tumor treatment modalities, but chemotherapy remains the most effective treatment, although its severe side effects and developed resistance. That huge challenge forces pharmaceutical industries to investigate novel antitumor strategies, especially from natural resources. The present work aimed to study the biochemical and histological alterations after Naja haje crude venom treatment to detect its antitumor efficacy.<br />After experimental determination of Cobra venom LD50, mice were divided into three main groups, control, solid tumor and soft tumor. Control sub-groups contain saline-treated group, positive control treated with standard drug (Cisplatin), and 3 groups treated with cobra venom (1/10, 1/20 LD50 and 1/30 LD50). Solid tumor sub-groups contain saline-treated group, Cisplatin-treated group and 2 groups treated with cobra venom (1/10 and 1/20 LD50). Soft tumor sub-groups contain saline-treated group, Cisplatin-treated group and 3 groups treated with cobra venom (1/10, 1/20 LD50 and 1/30 LD50). Serum, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and solid tumor tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological investigations. <br />The histological and biochemical results confirmed the significant cellular injury in liver. Kidney, heart and spleen, and its severity decreased by decreasing venom dose. Also, the direct anti-tumor effects of Cobra venom in both solid and soft tumors were significantly confirmed in comparing with cisplatin groups.<br />Significant cytotoxic activities upon tumor cells rather than normal cells suggest a clinical potentiality for Naja haje crud venom. Further investigation should be conducted to confirm its safety and efficacy as an antitumor therapeutic agenthttps://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234332_a792af17fd5e495ccf1553f6d7cd083b.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220301Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on circulating immune cells in breast cancer patients: A pilot study314023433010.21608/jcbr.2022.110181.1239ENNahla El SayedEl WakkadTanta Cancer Center , EgyptJournal Article20211208<strong>Background</strong>: Innate and adaptive immunity affect tumor growth and progression. Likewise, immune cell subsets may have a promising approach in prognosis and treatment strategies.<strong> Aim: </strong>The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the neoadjuvant paclitaxel’s effect on the relative and absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and CD11b and its maturation markers and their role in breast cancer patients’ clinical response<strong>. Patients and Methods: </strong>Breast cancer patients (n=10) and healthy donors (n=4) were recruited from Tanta Cancer Center, Egypt. Peripheral blood samples (2ml) were collected in EDTA tubes from breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (prior to each cycle of paclitaxel) as well as healthy volunteers. The relative and absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes were obtained using gating strategy after acquisition with Flow-cytometer. The absolute numbers of CD11b<sup>+</sup> and its maturation markers (HLADR<sup>+</sup> and CD83<sup>+</sup>) were also evaluated by flow-cytometry after staining with specific antibodies. The absolute number was calculated using total peripheral blood leucocytes of each subject.<strong> Results: </strong>Comparing between the absolute number of monocytes prior to each cycle, significant difference was found between the 1<sup>st</sup> cycle vs the 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle and the 4<sup>th</sup> cycle. Significant difference was also found in CD11b expressing cells and its maturation markers (HLADR) between responder and non-responder patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study concluded the importance of CD11b and its maturation marker in clinical response in neoadjuvant BC patients as a prognostic tool. Immunological parameters should be considered during application of treatment strategies as a prognostic tool and promising approach in immunotherapy. https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234330_8db8d37b4079668840bc29111024a24c.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220301Recognition of Ultrasound Images of Breast Cancer Based on Discrete Sinc Transform and Deep Learning414521542310.21608/jcbr.2021.65002.1185ENMohamedAzmyBiomedical Engineering Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20210224<strong>Background</strong>: : The most common cause of cancer-related death among women all over the world is breast cancer. Altough ultrasound emaging I useful in diagnosis of the patients, itsaccuracy needs more improvement. Aim: This paper presents a new automated system to precisely classify images of ultrasound of breast cancer to help radiologists for better diagnosis. Materils and Methods: Deep learning neural network algorithm was used in the classification step. Features of images are extracted using discrete wavelet transform. After that, discrete sinc transform (DSNT) was obtained. Then gray-level co-occurrence matrix was used. After that mean was calculated. Several discrete transforms are applied as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete tan transform (DTT), discrete sine transform (DST) and discrete sinc transform (DSNT). DSNT was chosen because it has the largest accuracy rate after the classification step. Results: The obtained accuracy percent is 99%. The specificity rate is 98%. The sensitivity rate is 100%. F-measure rate is 99.0%. F-score is 0.99. Conclusion: Our study point pout that future studies are needed to devlope a new feature extraction method to achieve higher accuracy rate.https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_215423_a82100e70f04d5ecfaf1f75fff714bf2.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220401Neutropenic Fever in Pediatric Patients with Cancer in South Egypt: A Report from a Single Institute475523433310.21608/jcbr.2022.110606.1240ENHebaSayedPediatric Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut UniversityYoustinaAmirDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.AmiraOsmanSouth Egypt Cancer Institute0000-0001-5118-5947Journal Article20211211<strong>Background</strong>: Fever and neutropenia (FN) is a potentially life-threatening complication of chemotherapy in children with cancer. <strong>Aim: </strong>Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of episodes of FN experienced by our patients and evaluate their outcomes and factors affecting them. <strong>Material & Methods:</strong> A prospective observational study was conducted at Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University. All pediatric patients ≤ 18 years with either hematological or solid tumors admitted with documented episodes of FN after receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy were included in this study between February 2018 and February 2020. <strong>Results:</strong> 200 episodes of FN experienced by 125 pediatric cancer patients were included. The median age was six years; 60% of the patients were boys. FN was more prevalent among patients with hematological malignancies. Associated comorbidities were reported in 10.5%. Eighty percent of episodes were stratified as high-risk, with profound neutropenia reported in 47%. The focus of infection was documented in 82% of episodes. Blood-stream infections were 53.1% for Gram-negative and 24.4% for fungal isolates. Infection-related mortality was reported in 7% of episodes. Diagnosis, disease status, risk stratification, presence of comorbidity, and the grade of neutropenia significantly affected the outcome. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although satisfactory therapeutic interventions for neutropenic patients with fever, life-threatening resistant bacterial and fungal isolates were reported at high rates that mandate calling for an urgent review of infection control policy.https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234333_6a49dd82ddbf70cc4bacad6028e4cd89.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220401Comparison between the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conserving surgery in early breast cancer cases treated by whole breast irradiation with and without boost in patients ≥ 50 years old576623433410.21608/jcbr.2022.115902.1244ENHend M. Hamdey RashedElkallaMansoura University, faculty of medicine, clinical oncology department0000-0002-6124-7379Dalia Hatem ZayedMoradMansoura University, faculty of medicine, clinical oncology department, EgyptAlyaa R.Elserganymedical oncology unit, Internal medicine department, oncology center, faculty of medicine, Mansoura university, Egypt.Lobna A.Abdelazizclinical oncology and nuclear medicine department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.0000-0001-6082-2856Journal Article20220112<strong>Background</strong>: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is the standard treatment for early breast cancer (BC). Radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) decreases the local recurrence and reduces mortality. Being young is documented as an important poor prognostic factor for disease control. Boost irradiation induces some pitfalls, including moderate to severe fibrosis, impaired cosmoses, and the higher cost of an additional boost therapy. <strong>Patient and Methods</strong>: It is a multicentric retrospective comparative study done at the Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansura University Hospital and Zagazig University and Medical Oncology unit at Oncology Center of Mansoura University, Egypt from January 2016 to December 2017. We analyzed 120 cases of early BC patients with negative margins and low-grade tumors after BCS. They were treated with whole-breast irradiation (WBI) without (group A) and with (group B) boost. <strong>Results</strong>: The median follow-up was 44 months. The local recurrences occur only in 2 cases (3%) and 3 cases (5%) of groups A and B respectively (P = 0.6). Distant metastasis were found in 2 cases (3%) and 4 cases (7%) of group A and B respectively (P = 0.3). The mean overall survival (OS) was 52.8 and 53.2 months for groups A & B respectively (P = 0.6). The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 54.6 and 52.1 months for groups A and B respectively (P = 0.3). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We did not find any difference between boost and no boost radiotherapy after BCS in patients ≥50 years old with early BC regarding local failure, DFS and OS.https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234334_d6c3353884833669e9bb04f1094b8e43.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220401Perception and Experience of Oncologists regarding Vaccination of Cancer Patients on Active Treatment677623433510.21608/jcbr.2022.120116.1248ENNervanaHussienDepartment of Clinical Oncology-Faculty of medicine- Helwan university, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-4238-538xMai MohamedEzzeldinDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-2109-606XAhmed HAbdelazizDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3162-1825Haitham ShaheenAhmedDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez , EgyptMohamedEl KassasDepartment of Endemic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3396-6894IbrahimElzayatDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan , EgyptWalid FElkhatib1-Department of microbiology and immunology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
2- Department of microbiology and immunology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez, Egypt0000-0001-5815-3200SohaAhmedDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez , EgyptJournal Article20220204<strong>Background</strong>: The COVID-19 epidemic has wreaked havoc on individuals of all ages throughout the world. I In unprecedented time frame, its vaccination has been produced and made available to the general population. However, due to varying levels of its acceptance, vaccination did not gain widespread adoption. <strong>Aim:</strong> We aimed to measure the perception and experience of oncologists towards COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients on active therapy. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire was circulated among oncology specialists in Egypt between September – and December 2021. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 83 respondents participated of which 59% had more than 10 years of experience in the oncology field. The majority of the respondents 75 (90.4%) recommended giving the vaccine once available in case of hormonal treatment meanwhile the lowest percentage 32 (38.5%) was for anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, either as a single agent or combined with chemotherapy. Choices of 49 (59%), 46 (55%), and 43 (51.8%) to vaccinate patients on active treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy, MoAb (except anti CD20), and immunotherapy respectively were reported. The inactivated COVID-19 virus vaccine was recommended by 39 (47%), followed by Vector vaccines in 20 (24.1%), 8 (9.6%) for the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, while 16(19.3%) of them were undecided. Thirty-nine (47%) of the participants reported that patients on active treatment developed side effects from vaccination. The most conveyed side effects were fatigue in 34 (87%), fever or a local reaction each in 28 (71.8%), headache and myalgia equally in 19 (48.7%), and chills in 11 (28.2%), and myalgia in10 (25.6 %). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Strategies to address the practicality of dealing with vaccination in cancer patients are needed. Emphasis on the installation of the latest data in caring for this population and increased awareness of the services provided is crucial. Surveys are a useful tool reflecting real-world practice.https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234335_44bf41e3e49119e287bedf9a5a3e8f9b.pdfThe Egyptian Association for Cancer Research (EACR)International Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research2682-261X6120220301Metformin treatment improves the hepato-renal dysfunctions induced in Type-II diabetes in male rats778723465210.21608/jcbr.2021.95272.1231ENMona M.Elwanzoology department, faculty of science , tanta universityhttps://orcid.org/00Eman E.El-Nahasszoology department, faulty of sciene, tanta university, tanta, egyptMohammed A.Basyonyzoology,faculty of science , tanta universityEhab O.Elshennawyzoology department, faculty of science , tanta university, tanta, egyptSabry A.El-NaggarZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 3111, Egypt0000-0002-7018-9350Journal Article20210910Background: Metformin is one of the alternative drugs to treat Diabetic mellitus type 2 (T2DM). One of the chronic symptoms of T2DM is the dysfunctionality of some vital organs. Aim: This study evaluates the role of metformin treatment to improve the liver and kidney functions of T2DM rats. Material and Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups (n=10) as follows: group 1 (Gp1) was orally administered with 200 µl of distilled water. Gp2 was administered with metformin (200 mg/Kg) daily for two months. Gp3 and 4 were fed on high fat diet for 5 weeks, then Gp3 was injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/Kg) once intraperitoneal (i.p.). Gp4 was injected with STZ as in Gp3 then administered with metformin as in Gp2. All rats were sacrificed to analyze the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes. Results: Metformin administration decreased the total body weight of both naïve and T2DM rats. Furthermore, metformin improves hepato-renal dysfunctions induced in T2DM rats as evidenced by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine. The level of malondialdehyde was decreased while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were increased in the group of T2DM rats that were administrated with metformin. Treatment of T2DM rats with metformin increased C-Peptide and decreased glycose levels. Furthermore, histopathological investigations showed an improvement in the liver and kidney tissues upon treatment of T2DM rats with metformin. Conclusion: The treatment of T2DM rats with metformin for long period improves hepato-renal dysfunctions.https://jcbr.journals.ekb.eg/article_234652_2e6b023724bcfe0a1c09437dcc292dc8.pdf