Role of YAP1 and tumor-associated macrophages in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies

Document Type : Original Article

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Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder is the most predominant histologic pattern of bladder cancer. Studying the prognostic aspects of UC through spotting the light on Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) together with TAMs may help to know their role in the prognosis of UC. Aim: Our study aims at reviewing the immunohistochemical reactivity of YAP1 and TAMs marker CD68 in UC. Additionally, to evaluate the relation between YAP1 and CD68 with the available clinicopathologic parameters in UC and with each other. Material and Methods: Eighty-two paraffin blocks of UC were collected retrospectively and included 62 trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor specimens and 20 specimens from radical cystectomies. All were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, YAP1, and CD68. Results: YAP1 expression was related significantly to large-sized tumors, histopathologic subtypes of UC (conventional UC versus plasmacytoid type), high tumor grade, advanced pT (size and extent of the main tumor) and N (number of lymph nodes that have cancer) stage, and perineural invasion (PNI). CD68+ Tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs) mean count was significantly related to large tumor size. The histopathologic types of UC (papillary non-invasive versus invasive), histopathologic subtypes of UC (conventional UC versus UC with squamous differentiation and plasmacytoid type), tumor grade, advanced pT stage, and PNI. Conclusion: High YAP1 expression and CD68+ TAMs count was significantly related to adverse pathological factors, namely large-sized tumors, tumors of high grade, and advanced pT stage. Their expression in UC could be used in identifying patients at increased risk of tumor invasion and progression.

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Egyptian Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
Volume 8, Issue 4
December 2024
Pages 11-23

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